Iterators in Python
Iterator in python is an object that is used to iterate over iterable objects like lists, tuples, dicts, and sets. The iterator object is initialized using the iter() method. It uses the next() method for iteration.
- __iter(iterable)__ method that is called for the initialization of an iterator. This returns an iterator object
- next ( __next__ in Python 3) The next method returns the next value for the iterable. When we use a for loop to traverse any iterable object, internally it uses the iter() method to get an iterator object which further uses next() method to iterate over. This method raises a StopIteration to signal the end of the iteration.
How an iterator really works in python
# Here is an example of a python inbuilt iterator# value can be anything which can be iterateiterable_value = 'Geeks'iterable_obj = iter(iterable_value)while True: try: # Iterate by calling next item = next(iterable_obj) print(item) except StopIteration: # exception will happen when iteration will over break |
Output :
G e e k s
Below is a simple Python custom iterator that creates iterator type that iterates from 10 to a given limit. For example, if the limit is 15, then it prints 10 11 12 13 14 15. And if the limit is 5, then it prints nothing.
- Python3
# A simple Python program to demonstrate# working of iterators using an example type# that iterates from 10 to given value# An iterable user defined typeclass Test: # Constructor def __init__(self, limit): self.limit = limit # Creates iterator object # Called when iteration is initialized def __iter__(self): self.x = 10 return self # To move to next element. In Python 3, # we should replace next with __next__ def __next__(self): # Store current value ofx x = self.x # Stop iteration if limit is reached if x > self.limit: raise StopIteration # Else increment and return old value self.x = x + 1; return x# Prints numbers from 10 to 15for i in Test(15): print(i)# Prints nothingfor i in Test(5): print(i) |
Output :
10 11 12 13 14 15
In the following iterations, the for loop is internally(we can’t see it) using iterator object to traverse over the iterables
- Python3
# Sample built-in iterators# Iterating over a listprint("List Iteration")l = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"]for i in l: print(i) # Iterating over a tuple (immutable)print("\nTuple Iteration")t = ("geeks", "for", "geeks")for i in t: print(i) # Iterating over a Stringprint("\nString Iteration") s = "Geeks"for i in s : print(i) # Iterating over dictionaryprint("\nDictionary Iteration") d = dict()d['xyz'] = 123d['abc'] = 345for i in d : print("%s %d" %(i, d[i])) |
Output :
List Iteration geeks for geeks Tuple Iteration geeks for geeks String Iteration G e e k s Dictionary Iteration xyz 123 abc 345
Last Updated on November 9, 2021 by admin